Has Science Replaced Philosophy?
Dec 16, 2012Modern science has made astounding progress in our understanding of ourselves and the universe. Physics, neuroscience, and psychology n...
The idea that consciousness is an illusion may be a familiar one. Thinkers like Daniel Dennett, Brian Farrell, and Richard Rorty espouse this basic notion: That conscious experience, as a result of collective physical processes in the brain, does not itself exist.
But philosopher Galen Strawson, calling this idea "the Denial," argues that the denial of consciousness in philosophy is "the silliest claim ever made." He first explains the eminence of "the Denial" as a "mistaken interpretation of behaviorism" and later reasons why their claim is contradictory. Having consciousness is knowing what consciousness is like, he argues; there is no difference between what is and what seems.
Read on for Strawson's full argument:
http://www.nybooks.com/daily/2018/03/13/the-consciousness-deniers/
Modern science has made astounding progress in our understanding of ourselves and the universe. Physics, neuroscience, and psychology n...
What is a self? Merely a human being? Or perhaps a soul? Hume claimed he could not find a self when he looked within, only a succession of impressions.
An increasing number of psychologists and philosophers believe that to understand how the mind really works, we must understand it as both embedded in a body and as situated in an environment.
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Modern science has made astounding progress in our understanding of ourselves and the universe. Physics, neuroscience, and psychology n...
What is a self? Merely a human being? Or perhaps a soul? Hume claimed he could not find a self when he looked within, only a succession of impressions.
An increasing number of psychologists and philosophers believe that to understand how the mind really works, we must understand it as both embedded in a body and as situated in an environment.
Modern science tells us that the mind is just the brain working. But science cannot yet tell us how consciousness, rationality,&nb...
We like to think of ourselves as enjoying unrestricted freedom of the will. But modern science increasingly teaches us that ...
Why do some people have a strange desire to do weird things for no (good) reason? There's something fascinating about kids who eat laundry soap as part of a “challenge,” or people who deliberately... Read more
Making a better world would be a great thing—but do we need philosophers to help us do that? Famously (or infamously), not all philosophers have been such great people. So are they the folks we... Read more
In her time—the 4th century CE—Hypatia was one of the most famous philosophers in Alexandria, and indeed in the ancient world. She studied and taught mathematics,... Read more
Mexican philosophy is full of fascinating ideas, from Mexica ("Aztec") and Mayan thought to Sor Juana’s feminism and Emilio Uranga’s existentialism... Read more
Your friendly neighborhood Senior Prodcuer here, once again stepping out from behind the mixing board to bring you some bonus content from this week's 17th (!) annual Summer Reading special.... Read more
Gender is a controversial topic these days. To some, gender is an oppressive system designed to keep women down: people go around saying "girls are made of sugar and spice and boys are made of... Read more
Fascism is on the rise, new infectious diseases keep cropping up, and we’re on the verge of environmental collapse: how on earth could art possibly save us? The arts are may be nice distraction,... Read more
Some say the world is full of contradictions, like “parting is such sweet sorrow.” Parting is sweet, but parting is also sad; and sweetness and sadness are opposites. But logicians would say that... Read more
Our minds are amazing prediction machines—and sometimes they can even make their predictions come true!
Does reading that strike you as something out of The Secret—like if you... Read more
Derek Parfit was a really interesting thinker when it came to identity and the self. He had a particularly cool thought experiment involving tele-transportation.
Suppose you’re on your... Read more
When philosophers talk about perception, they tend to focus on what we see and hear, and rarely on what we smell. But olfaction is a strange sense that deserves greater philosophical scrutiny. For... Read more
A caller in this week's episode nominated "Women Talking" for a Dionysus Award. Guest co-host Jeremy Sabol takes that as a springboard to blog about movies and... Read more
This week we’re thinking about Cancel Culture, which some consider a real problem: people losing their jobs, being harassed online, their home addresses being shared—all because they said... Read more
This week we’re asking why we should trust science—which may sound like a weird question. After all, why would we doubt the method that helps us build bridges and skyscrapers, formulate life... Read more
Following up on last year's not-so-new experiment, here's a little behind-the-scenes look into the brief audio montages (produced... Read more
This week we’re asking what it’s... Read more
This essay also appears at the website of Oxford University Press, publisher of Josh's new book,
"The World According to Proust."
... Read more
This week we’re thinking about how to create a world in which our leaders are not just effective legislators, but also good people.
Some might think there are not enough leaders like that... Read more
This week we're thinking about the British Liberal tradition and its relationship to colonialism and self-government. Classical Liberal thinkers, like John Locke and John Stuart Mill, held that... Read more
This week we’re thinking about Collective Action and Climate Change. With floods and fires getting more frequent and intense, and with the summer just ended shattering heat records around the... Read more
This week we’re thinking about cultural appropriation and asking who owns culture—which may be a weird way of thinking about it. It's easy to see how somebody can own the rights to a song they... Read more
This week we’re questioning Effective Altruism. That’s Peter Singer’s idea that you should do the most good you can, and you should figure out what that is by doing your homework and choosing the... Read more
This week we're asking what Political Inequality is. Sounds easy to define, right? That’s when some people don’t get an equal voice in society, because they’re not represented in government, or... Read more
This week we're asking whether it's rational to be optimistic—which seems like bit of a crazy question if you've been reading the news lately. After all, what could possibly justify the belief... Read more
This week we're thinking about the Changing Face of Antisemitism—a program recorded last month at the Stanford Humanities Center for our first live, in-person event in 2-1/2 years.
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Comments (2)
Harold G. Neuman
Friday, May 11, 2018 -- 8:54 AM
Pretty funny. Almost as funnyPretty funny. Almost as funny as calling our subconsciousness UNconsciousness. In his excellent book, THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCIAL REALITY, John Searle offered his thinking on this sort of reduction. He was not, shall we say, impressed with those who claim that things about which we think should spring, as if by magic, from a state in which we are functionally helpless and insensate. This would be roughly equivalent to considering humans to be as non-conscious as an earthworm. Or a rock. Or, funnier still, might we just as well say 'the collective physical processes in the brain' do not exist? I'm with Searle on this one. I just don't buy it. I have thought about these sorts of mental slight-of-hand maneuvers for several years. In coming to my own theory about it, I decided that it is every bit as possible that Freud was on the right track, though there was no way for him to prove it, nor is there any way for any of us to prove it, now---maybe even ever. I have looked at this from an 'origins' stance (and written an essay or two, as well). Primary consciousness and higher-order consciousness have been the two descriptors used by such researchers as Edelman and Tononi, et. al. In my writing, I have proposed another intermediate step which I dubbed primal consciousness---well beyond the primary, yet not as advanced as the higher-order.
In mentioning Freud and his work, I was giving credit to his notion of a subconscious in human beings. I believe it possible that such a state preceded both the pre-linguistic and linguistic consciousness that cognitive neuroscience has postulated of late. Again, this illustrates my notion about origins, which are necessary for almost anything and more so for anything alive which has undergone evolutionary change. We do not get something from nothing. At least, nothing as important as consciousness. I'll support Strawson's notion on THIS one. Those who deny consciousness ARE making a silly claim. It may not be the silliest ever made, but that is not the point. Finally, it should be clear that thinking (among even early human ancestors) preceded language and this is just how things were. Origins, again. Children think, before they ever utter MAMA or DADA. We have to start with something, not nothing...
Harold G. Neuman
Monday, March 14, 2022 -- 7:19 AM
Follow-up on deniers andFollow-up on deniers and other creativeness:
Consciousness is illusion. This has been kicked around quite a bit, 'from eternity to here', and back again. If it IS only, illusory, an awful lot of thinkers have been beating a dead horse a long time. On the other hand, if it is claimed by some, as seems the case, that all living things are conscious, the brain science folks are still on the right track. What they may ultimately find remains negotiable. As is the value of such finding(s).
I sorta like a newer hypothesis: consciousness is hallucination. Perhaps newer is not completely accurate. A whole lot of people were experimenting with hallucination in the 1960s & 70s. Some still are. They use a variety of compounds to induce the desired state. So if, in the new vein, (pun, incidental) the objective is to decide which sorts of compound our bodies manufacture to generate hallucinatory consciousness, then the trail has been re-blazed. Think of it this way: if that which we loosely call consciousness or self has always been around in some state of viability or another, then, by sheer reference, so has illusion and hallucination.
Ideation is part of epistemology---how we know what we know. On its' face, it is fairly straightforward. The hard part is wrapped tightly with fact-finding. Law is plagued by difficulty with all that. So much the more are difficulties with brain science, wherein we have a hard time determining what is real, and, uh, what is an illusion. Or, if you rather, hallucination. It is all interesting---some of it, at least plausible. Be like our host: question everything.